Explanation
Exercises

🔗 Conjunctions: and, but, or, so, because

✅ and

Used to add similar information or ideas; it means ‘in addition’ or ‘also’.

  • My brother is a plumber, and my sister is a teacher.
  • They have an apartment in the city and a little house in the countryside.
  • She got up and left. (= She got up, and she left.)
  • He was looking at us and smiling. (= …and he was smiling.)

❌ but

Used to add contrasting information; it means ‘however’ or ‘on the other hand’.

  • I studied a lot, but I failed the exam.
  • He is good but not the best.

⚪ or

Used to connect different possibilities or choices.

  • Would you like to go to the pool or to the beach?
  • He can go to a hotel or stay with us.
  • In negative sentences it means ‘neither’: I don’t like oranges or lemons.

Tip: The items linked by and, but, or must be the same grammatical form:

  • ✅ I like dancing and singing.
  • ❌ I like dancing and sing.
  • ✅ Would you like to go to the beach or to have ice cream?
  • ❌ …go or having ice cream.

☑ so

Used to introduce a result or consequence.

  • It was cold, so I turned on the heater.
  • I spent three hours at the gym, so I’m really tired now.

🕵️ because

Used to introduce a reason.

  • I turned on the heater because it was cold.
  • I’m speaking quietly because I don’t want to wake the baby.
Exercises:
1
2
3

Conjunctions: And, but, or, so, because

Choose and, but, or, so, because to complete each sentence.
1
I wanted to go for a run, it started raining.
2
She studied hard she could pass the exam.
3
Would you like coffee tea with your breakfast?
4
He forgot his umbrella, he got completely soaked.
5
They can go to the cinema stay at home and watch a DVD.
6
I’m going to bed early I’m really tired.
7
Julia loves singing, she takes lessons every week.
8
You can call me now, you can send me an email later.
9
The traffic was terrible, we arrived late.
10
He wanted to buy the blue shirt, it was too expensive.

Conjunctions: And, but, or, so, because

Choose and, but, or, so, because to complete these sentences.
1
I wanted to go to the party, ____ I had too much work to do.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2
She didn’t come to the meeting ____ she was feeling ill.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3
You can take the bus ____ walk – it’s up to you.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4
They were hungry, ____ they ordered a large pizza.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5
We planned a picnic, ____ it rained all afternoon.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6
He speaks English fluently, ____ he finds French quite difficult.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7
I need to save money, ____ I won’t go on holiday this year.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8
She loves reading novels, ____ she goes to the library every week.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9
Would you like tea ____ coffee with your dessert?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10
He missed the bus, ____ he was late for work.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Conjunctions: And, but, or, so, because

Fill in each gap using one of these conjunctions: and, but, or, so, because.
andbutor sobecause
1
I forgot my umbrella, it started to rain, I got completely soaked.
2
She wanted to buy the dress, it was too expensive, she chose the skirt.
3
We could go to the beach, it’s too windy, we’ll stay home and watch a movie.
4
He studied all night, he was exhausted, he passed the test.
5
They can travel by train, it’s slower, it’s more scenic.
6
I called you twice, there was no answer, I left a message.
7
She loves sushi, she’s allergic to fish, she orders vegetarian rolls.
8
We hesitated to book tickets, prices were high, we managed to find a discount.
9
He doesn’t like coffee, he drinks tea instead, he avoids caffeine.
10
They missed the bus, they had to walk, they arrived late at work.